The extraction method is the core of cannabis production. Depending on the extraction production, the quality of end products, such as concentrates and isolates, is decided. Among various techniques, ethanol extraction is widely used in commercial cannabis processing. Due to its efficiency and versatility, the method is popular for large-scale operations. For producers, selecting the best ethanol for cannabis extraction is a critical decision that can significantly impact your operation’s quality, safety, and profitability.
This article explores the top five ethanol options available.
Ethanol extraction is a solvent-based method in which ethanol is used to dissolve and separate cannabinoids, terpenes, and other desirable compounds from cannabis plant material. The cannabis buds are soaked in ethanol to dissolve the target cannabinoids and terpenes. The resulting solution is filtered and purified to remove unwanted plant materials and residual solvent. Concentrated extracts, such as isolate and distillate, are the end product.
Why Is Ethanol Used In Cannabis Extraction?
Easy availability and affordability are two major reasons why ethanol is widely used in cannabis extraction. From a commercial operations standpoint, ethanol extraction has the following advantages:
1. Efficiency: Ethanol is highly effective at extracting a wide range of cannabinoids and terpenes, allowing full-spectrum extracts. Also, it can process bulk-quality plant material in less time.
2. Safety: Compared to solvents like butane or propane, ethanol is generally considered safer and less prone to explosions or fires. It makes the process safer than petroleum-based solvents.
3. Scalability: Ethanol extraction can be easily scaled up for commercial production, making it suitable for both small- and large-scale cannabis extraction.
Ethanol has become relatively safer and highly effective for producing high-quality cannabis extracts. One of the reasons that ethanol has broad adoption in the industry is that it has a long history of use in the food and beverage industry, which has established a strong safety profile and regulatory framework.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Ethanol for Cannabis Extraction
The choice of the best ethanol for cannabis extraction depends on several crucial factors. Irrespective of the scale of your operations, here are the considerations to take into account:
1. Purity levels: Ethanol purity is measured in ‘proof,’ with 200 proof being 100% pure ethanol. 190-proof ethanol is 95% ethanol and 5% water. Higher purity levels of ethanol result in cleaner extractions but come at a higher cost.
2. Food-grade vs industrial-grade ethanol: As mentioned, ethanol has been used in food processing for decades, which is why food-grade ethanol exists. It is the most suitable form for producing cannabis extracts intended for human consumption. On the other hand, industrial-grade ethanol is suitable for non-consumable products or further refined before use in consumables.
3. Compliance with industry standards and regulations: Depending on the type of ethanol you choose, you must meet different compliance and regulations. Research the local laws to ensure that the selected ethanol meets all relevant regulatory requirements for cannabis processing in your jurisdiction.
4. Cost-effectiveness and scalability: While ethanol extraction is highly cost-effective and scalable, the type of ethanol you choose can drastically impact your production scale and budget.
Impact on the final product’s quality and yield: Different types of ethanol directly impact the final extract’s flavor, potency, and overall quality. That’s why you must be careful with the choice, as it will also decide extraction efficiency and yield.
Choosing the Best Ethanol for Cannabis Extraction: Top 5 Options
1. 200 Proof Food-Grade Ethanol
It is 100% pure ethanol with food-grade quality and anhydrous (water-free) properties. Working with 200-proof ethanol is easier as there is no need for additional solvent purification.
Benefits:
- The highest purity level available for cannabis extraction
- Minimal water content ensures efficient extraction of cannabinoids and terpenes
- Suitable for producing high-quality, food-safe extracts
Ideal Applications:
- 200-proof ethanol is suitable for premium full-spectrum extracts
- Best for producing high-potency isolates
- Ideal for pharmaceutical products requiring the cleanest possible extraction process
2. 190 Proof Grain Alcohol
It is a mixture of 95% ethanol and 5% water. 190-proof grain alcohol is derived from grain sources (corn, wheat, barley, etc.) and has food-grade quality, making it suitable for consumable cannabis products.
Benefits:
- 190-proof ethanol is more cost-effective than 200-proof
- 5% water content aids in polar compound extraction from cannabis plant material
- Widely available and commonly used in the industry
Ideal Applications:
- Suitable for full-spectrum extracts at affordable prices
- Small-scale producers can use it for mid-range cannabis products
- Operations balancing quality and cost-effectiveness
3. Absolute Alcohol (99% Ethanol)
It is also known as 99% pure ethanol; absolute Alcohol has minimal water content and is available in both food-grade and reagent-grade options.
Benefits:
- While the purity is high, it has a lower cost than 200-proof
- Versatile solvent for various extraction methods
- Suitable for producing high-quality extracts
Ideal Applications:
- Premium-grade full-spectrum cannabis extracts
- Specialized extraction processes such as isolate extraction
- Widely used in research and development applications
4. Industrial-Grade Ethanol (190 Proof)
A variant of 95% ethanol, 5% water-ethanol, and 190-proof industrial-grade ethanol have denaturants or other additives, making it unfit for consumable product extraction.
Benefits:
- Much more affordable compared to food-grade options
- Suitable for non-consumable cannabis products
- Provides a more economical option for consumable products after further purification
Ideal Applications:
- Used in extraction for topical products
- Initial extraction stages before further refinement
- Large-scale operations prioritizing cost-efficiency
5. Pharmaceutical-Grade Ethanol (200 Proof)
A variant of 100% pure ethanol, pharmaceutical-grade ethanol meets stringent pharmaceutical standards and quality checks. It has the highest purity and quality control level, making it the best ethanol for cannabis extraction and pharmaceutical applications.
Benefits:
- Ideal for producing pharmaceutical-grade cannabis extracts
- The purest form and quality checked for medical applications
- Compliant with strict regulatory requirements
Ideal Applications:
- Suitable for medical-grade cannabis products
- Pharmaceutical research and development
- Premium cannabis extracts for discerning consumers
Find the Ideal Ethanol Extraction System for Your Business
How to Select the Right Ethanol for Your Cannabis Extraction Needs
With several options to choose from, the best ethanol for cannabis extraction is the one that meets your specific needs and goals. To select the proper ethanol, here are some key points to consider:
1. Aligning ethanol choice with extraction goals
If you are targeting full-spectrum extracts, 190-proof or 200-proof food-grade ethanol is ideal. It has the highest purity, making it efficient for isolates or purified extracts. If you are targeting pharmaceutical applications, 200-proof pharmaceutical-grade ethanol may be preferred. Ultimately, the desired end product and its intended use will dictate the selection of ethanol purity.
2. Consideration of operational capacity and technical requirements
Only some pieces of equipment can work with all types of ethanol; assess your equipment’s compatibility with different ethanol purities. Root Sciences cannabis ethanol extraction equipment is designed to handle all types of ethanol, offering the highest ROI. Additionally, consider your team’s expertise in handling various types of ethanol. Also, you must evaluate your storage and handling capabilities for different ethanol options, as it is highly flammable.
3. Importance of testing and validation before scaling operations
To study the impact of different types of ethanol on your operations, conduct small-scale tests with different types to compare results. Thoroughly analyze the quality, potency, and yield of extracts produced with each ethanol option. Consider third-party lab testing to validate your results and ensure compliance with regulations.
Tips for Safe Handling and Storage of Ethanol
Ethanol is volatile, so regulatory requirements for its storage and handling are stringent. Here are some tips to consider:
Safety guidelines for ethanol use in cannabis extraction:
- Ensure proper ventilation in the extraction facility to prevent the buildup of toxic ethanol vapors.
- Make use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and respirators mandatory.
- Implement strict no-smoking policies and eliminate potential ignition sources in areas where ethanol is used or stored.
- Invest in training all personnel on proper ethanol handling procedures and emergency protocols.
Proper storage conditions to maintain ethanol quality and compliance
- Store ethanol in cool, dry areas away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
- Use approved, sealed containers designed explicitly for ethanol storage.
- Implement inventory tracking systems to monitor ethanol usage and storage levels. It is also essential for compliance.
- Regularly inspect ethanol storage areas and containers for leaks or damage.
Addressing risks associated with ethanol:
- Install fire suppression systems to protect ethanol storage and usage areas against accidental fires.
- Use explosion-proof electrical equipment and grounding systems to prevent static electricity buildup in your facility.
- Develop and regularly practice emergency response procedures for ethanol-related incidents to ensure personnel know how to handle any incidents appropriately.
- Consult with local fire departments and regulatory agencies to ensure compliance with all safety requirements.
Conclusion
Selecting the best ethanol for cannabis extraction is crucial as it can significantly impact the quality, safety, and efficiency of your cannabis processing operation. Understand different types of ethanol and consider factors such as purity, grade, and regulatory compliance to make an informed choice that aligns with your specific needs and goals.
